Electronic money (also known as electronic cash, electronic currency, digital currency, digital money or digital cash) refers to money which is exchanged only electronically. Typically, this involves use of computer networks, the internet and digital stored value systems. Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and direct deposit are examples of electronic money. Also, it is a collective term for financial cryptography and technologies enabling it.
While electronic money has been an interesting problem for cryptography (see for example David Chaum's work), to-date use of digital cash has been relatively low-scale. One rare success has been Hong Kong's Octopus card system, which started as a transit payment system and has grown into a widely used electronic cash system. Another success is Canada's Interac network, which in 2000 at retail (in Canada) surpassed cash * as a payment method.
Singapore has a very successful electronic money implementation for its public bus transportation system, which is very similar to Hong Kong's Octopus card. The electronic money, known as EZLink by most Singaporeans, is a card the size of an ordinary credit card; it has a smart chip plus a wireless communication module. Passengers just need to tap the EZLink when they board the bus and tap the card again when they alight; the bus fare system automatically deducts the calculated bus fare from the EZLink value. Recently, McDonalds is setting up EZLink payment infrastructure at their fast-food branches all over Singapore's main island. It is believed that in the near future EZLink will gain more acceptance as a convenient electronic money solution in Singapore.
More on [ Electronic money ]
Debit and Credit Cards :: Credit

Bankrate.com's Guide to Electronic Money - Articles discussing advantages and disadvantages of electronic money.
Digital Money: A View from the United States - 1998 article originally from the Institute for Technology Assessment, Washington.
E-Money (That's What I Want) - Article that discusses the inevitability of digital money.
Meta Description: [ The killer application for electronic networks isn't video-on-demand. It's going to hit you where it really matters - in your wallet. It's, not only going to revolutionize the Net, it will change the global economy. ]
E-Money Mini-FAQ - Answers to frequently asked questions about electronic money, e-money, or digital cash.
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Electronic Banking - All about electronic fund transfers.
Electronic Money - All about electronic money and bill paying.
Full Text of David Chaum's Congressional Speech - 1995 testimony by an e-cash expert before U.S. Congress, discussing various issues concerning digital money and electronic payments.
The Future of Money - An interview with Walter Wriston about money, the economy, and the digital era.
Meta Description: [ He used to be the most powerful banker in the world. Now he's talking like a cypherpunk. An amazingly frank interview with Walter Wriston about money, the economy, and the digital era. ]
The Future of Money - E-cash problems and perspectives discussed.
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