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A father is traditionally the male parent of a child. Like mothers, fathers may be categorised according to their biological, social or legal relationship with the child. Historically, the biological relationship paternity has been determinative of fatherhood. However, proof of paternity has been intrinsically problematic and so social rules often determined who would be regarded as a father e.g. the husband of the mother. This method of the determination of fatherhood has persisted since Roman times. The historical approach has been destabilised with the recent emergence of accurate scientific testing, particularly DNA testing. As a result, the law on fatherhood is undergoing rapid changes. In the United States, the Uniform Parentage Act essentially defines a father as a man who conceives a child through sexual intercourse.

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Biological (child possesses male parent's genes)

  • Natural father - the most common category: child product of man and woman
  • Surprise father - where the men did not know that there was a child until possibly years afterwards
  • Posthumous father - father died before children were born (or even conceived)
  • Teenage father/youthful father - may be associated with premarital sexual intercourse
  • Non-parental father - unmarried father whose name does not appear on child's birth certificate: does not have legal responsibility but continues to have financial responsibility (UK)
  • Sperm donor father - a genetic connection but man does not have legal or financial responsibility if conducted through licensed clinics (UK)

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NYT > Home & Garden

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The reasons anyone bothers with a home vegetable garden are as idiosyncratic and hard to map as a sweet-corn genome.
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A number of designers have begun to champion an environmentally conscious approach to landscape and garden design.
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Evan Lattimer is cataloging the thousands of objects that her father, an avid collector, amassed over the course of seven decades.
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Three visual thinkers collaborated for a bright, airy brownstone in Brooklyn.
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Late August, when vegetable patches appear weedy and roses are beetle-infested, is the perfect time for moving perennials and herbs.
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Notoriously short on space and equipped with only the bare essentials, dorm rooms almost always cry out for design assistance.

L.A. Times - Home & Garden

Neutra's Maxwell house moves to Angelino Heights from Brentwood
Sat, 23 Aug 2008 00:00:00 -0700
Once it is reassembled, the new owner will restore and sell it. FOR ANYONE lucky enough to have witnessed the move, it was some kind of spectacle: the 1941 Maxwell house by Richard Neutra, one of Southern California's most celebrated residential architects, loaded onto a flatbed truck for a cruise down the Sunset Strip.
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Sat, 23 Aug 2008 00:00:00 -0700
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Sat, 23 Aug 2008 00:00:00 -0700
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Book review: "Houseonomics: Why Owning a Home Is Still a Great Investment," by Gary N. Smith and Margaret H. Smith
Sat, 23 Aug 2008 00:00:00 -0700
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About your summer vacation
Sat, 23 Aug 2008 00:00:00 -0700
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Christian Science Monitor | The Home Forum

Sneaky tactics in the food wars
Wed, 27 Aug 2008 01:00:00 -0500
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If the aroma of a peach entices as much as its color, you've got a winner.
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Denver Post: Lifestyle

Celebs threaten to steal real show
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Ben Affleck's million-dollar smile. Charlize Theron's glamorous glow. Oprah Winfrey's authoritative aura, irresistible and unquestioned by millions of fans.
Appearance coach Patti Shyne, Denver
editor@denverpost.com (The Denver Post) Tue, 26 Aug 2008 01:55:43 -0600
Denver native Patti Shyne arrived at the Pepsi Center at 5 a.m. Sunday to do Caroline Kennedy's makeup for her appearance on "Meet the Press."
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(1.7) Fred celebrates Father's Day even though he doesn't live with his dad. http://MySpace.com/FRED http:/ ...
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