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Cereal crops are mostly grasses cultivated for their edible grains or seeds (actually a fruit called a caryopsis). Cereal grains are grown in greater quantities worldwide than any other type of crop and provides more food energy to the human race than any other crop. In some developing nations, cereal grains constitute practically the entire diet of common folk. In developed nations, cereal consumption is more moderate but still substantial . The word cereal derives from Ceres, the name of the Roman goddess of The Harvest and Agriculture. Grains are traditionally called corn in the United Kingdom, though that word became specified for maize in the United States, Canada and Australia.
Production
The following table shows annual production of major cereal grains, in 19611961 is the earliest year for which FAO statistics are available. and 2005, ranked by 2005 production.* All but buckwheat and quinoa are true grasses.
| Grain | 2005 (Mt) | 1961 (Mt) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maize | 694,575,552 | 205,004,683 | A staple food of peoples in North America, South America, and Africa and of livestock worldwide; called "corn" or "Indian corn" in North America and Australia, or "sweetcorn" in the UK. |
| Wheat | 628,101,035 | 222,357,231 | The primary cereal of temperate regions |
| Rice, Paddy | 618,534,989 | 215,654,697 | The primary cereal of tropical regions |
| Barley | 137,302,263 | 72,411,104 | Grown for malting and livestock on land too poor or too cold for wheat |
| Sorghums | 58,620,842 | 40,931,625 | Important staple food in Asia and Africa and popular worldwide for livestock |
| Millets | 27,388,444 | 25,703,968 | A group of similar but distinct cereals that form an important staple food in Asia and Africa. |
| Oats | 23,972,508 | 49,588,769 | Formerly the staple food of Scotland and popular worldwide for livestock |
| Rye | 15,605,370 | 35,109,990 | Important in cold climates |
| Triticale | 13,473,141 | 0 | Hybrid of wheat and rye, grown similarly to rye |
| Buckwheat | 2,529,794 | 2,478,596 | Used in Europe and Asia. Major uses include various pancakes and groats |
| Fonio | 264,508 | 178,483 | several varieties of which are grown as food crops in Africa |
| Quinoa | 51,152 | 32,435 | Ancient pseudocereal, grown in the Andes |
Breads :: Baking and Confections
World Cuisines :: Cooking
Grains :: Food
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