A loudspeaker or speaker, is an electromechanical transducer which converts an electrical signal into sound. The term loudspeaker is used to refer to both the device itself, and a complete system consisting of one or more loudspeaker drivers (as the individual units are often called) in an enclosure. The loudspeaker is the most variable element in an audio system, and is responsible for marked audible differences between systems.
Alexander Graham Bell patented the first loudspeaker as part of his telephone in 1876. This was soon followed by an improved version from Ernst Siemens in Germany and England (1878). Nikola Tesla is believed to have created a similar device in 1881 The modern design of moving-coil loudspeaker was established by Oliver Lodge in England (1898). [http://history.acusd.edu/gen/recording/loudspeaker.html The moving coil principle was patented in 1924 by two Americans, Chester W. Rice and Edward W. Kellog. There is some controversy in that an application was made earlier by the Briton Paul Voigt but not granted until later. Voigt produced the first effective full range unit in 1928, and he also developed what may have been the first system designed for the home, although using electromagnets rather than permanent magnets.
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